Protocols like SMTP/IMAP send and receive messages across networks (think sending and getting mail!).
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HTTP/HTTPS protocols let your browser talk to web servers, fetching web pages you see (think requesting and displaying a document).
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FTP translates data between formats, allowing different devices to share files smoothly (think translating languages for computers).
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SSL/TLS creates a secure tunnel for data exchange between you and the server, like a secret handshake before whispering.
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Routers use IP to find the best path for your data to travel across the internet, like a GPS for data packets.
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Switches use MAC addresses to send data to the right device on your network, like a receptionist directing visitors.
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Cables and Wi-Fi allow the actual transmission of data over the network, like the mail truck delivering your letters.
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VPNs create secure tunnels for data, encrypting it like sealing a letter with wax before sending.
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VoIP services convert your voice into digital signals sent over the internet, like walkie-talkies for computers.
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Tools like ping and traceroute diagnose network issues by sending packets and checking responses, like mechanics using tools to find car problems.
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