Dassault Systemes Interview Questions
Dassault Systèmes is a French software company that specializes in 3D and PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) software. The company was founded in 1981 by businessman and politician Bernard Charles Dassault, and it has since grown to become a global leader in the industry. In 2021, the company reported total revenue of €4.4 billion, which represented a 7% increase compared to the previous year. And in the financial year 2022, the company increases its revenue by 9%.
One of the main reasons why an IT professional might be interested in joining Dassault Systèmes is the wide range of cutting-edge technologies that the company works with. These include 3D design, simulation, analysis, and digital twinning, all of which are critical to the development and manufacturing of products in a variety of industries, such as aerospace, automotive, architecture, and consumer goods.
Another reason to consider joining Dassault Systèmes is the opportunity to work with a diverse group of customers and partners from all over the world. The company has a strong global presence having around 20,000 employees in 140 countries. It works with some of the most well-known and innovative companies in various industries. This can provide valuable opportunities for professional growth and development.
Furthermore, Dassault Systèmes is known for fostering a culture of innovation and creativity, encouraging its employees to think outside of the box and come up with new ideas and solutions. They also invest heavily in the development of their team members, with a wide range of training and professional development programs available.
Overall, if you are an IT professional looking for a company that is at the forefront of technology and is constantly pushing the boundaries of what's possible, Dassault Systèmes might be a great fit for you. With its diverse range of technologies and customers, as well as its focus on innovation and professional development, Dassault Systèmes can be a great place to grow your career.
Dassault Systemes Recruitment Process
1. Eligibility Criteria
The eligibility criteria for job openings at Dassault Systèmes can vary depending on the specific role and the level of experience required. However, generally speaking, the company looks for candidates who have a strong educational background in relevant fields such as computer science, software engineering, or related fields, and who have experience or knowledge of relevant technologies such as C++, C#, and 3D modelling and simulation software.
Criteria | Requirement |
---|---|
Educational Background | Bachelor's or Master's degree in Engineering (BE/B.Tech/ME/M.Tech) or in Computer Applications (MCA/BCA) in any field. Some positions may require a specific degree or specialized training. |
Relevant Technologies | Knowledge or experience in Java, C++, C#, and 3D modelling and simulation software. |
Experience | Fresh graduates with 0-2 years of experience. Candidates who graduated in the years 2019, 2020, 2021, & 2022 as well as experienced professionals who meet the other qualifications are accepted. |
2. Interview Rounds
It's great to hear that you are preparing for a fresher's drive! The selection process is a common one just like many companies. Here is an overview of what you can expect in each round:
- Aptitude Test: This round is usually designed to assess a candidate's mathematical, logical, and verbal reasoning skills. The test may include a variety of question types, such as multiple choice, true/false, and numerical or quantitative aptitude questions. The test is usually timed for 1 hour, so it's important to practice time management skills. It's also a good idea to brush up on your math and logic skills beforehand.
- Technical Interview: This round is focused on assessing a candidate's technical skills and knowledge. The interviewer will ask questions about the candidate's expertise in a specific field or technology. There could be multiple rounds depending on the role they are applying for. For example, if the job is for a software developer, the interviewer may ask questions about programming languages, data structures, and algorithms. It is important to be familiar with the technologies and tools that are relevant to the job you are applying for and to be able to clearly explain your experience and skills.
- HR/Manager Interview: This round is focused on assessing a candidate's soft skills, such as communication, teamwork, problem-solving, and leadership abilities. The interviewer will also likely ask questions about your motivation, goals, and fit with the company culture. They might also give you a chance to ask any question you have about the company or the position. Be sure to come prepared with a few questions to ask the interviewer, it shows your interest and enthusiasm for the job.
Overall, the key to success in these rounds is to prepare well in advance. Brush up on your technical skills, practice answering common interview questions, and be sure to project a positive, confident attitude throughout the process.
3. Interview Process
The interview process typically involves several rounds where a candidate meets with different members of the company, usually starting with a screening or initial interview, followed by one or more technical interviews, and then a final interview with the hiring manager or HR representative.
The purpose of these interviews is to assess a candidate's qualifications, skills, and fit for the position, as well as their compatibility with the company culture. The selection process for this opportunity involves a total of three rounds.
- Aptitude Test.
- Technical Interviews.
- HR Interviews.
Dassault Systemes Technical Interview Questions: Freshers and Experienced
1. What are the advantages of Packages in Java?
In Java, packages are a way to organize and manage related classes and interfaces. Packages have several advantages:
- Namespace management: Packages provide a way to group related classes and interfaces and avoid naming conflicts with other classes and interfaces that may have the same names. This allows for a more organized and maintainable codebase.
- Access control: Packages can be used to control access to classes and interfaces, and to specify which classes and interfaces are visible to other classes and interfaces. This can help to encapsulate the implementation details of a class or interface and to make the code more modular and reusable.
- Reusability: Packages make it easy to reuse code by providing a way to group related classes and interfaces. This allows for the creation of libraries or modules that can be easily reused by other developers.
- Improved performance: The Java ClassLoader loads the classes and interfaces only when they are first needed. By organizing the classes and interfaces in packages, the classloader can improve performance by loading only the required classes and interfaces.
- Better management of dependent library: Packages are used for Java built-in classes such as java.util, java.io, and many other libraries, which makes it easy to understand the relationship between classes and interfaces and to manage dependent libraries.
In summary, packages provide a way to organize and manage related classes and interfaces in a more logical and organized way, helping to improve the maintainability, reusability, and performance of Java code. They also help in controlling access to classes and interfaces and provide an efficient way of managing dependent libraries.
2. Why are Java Strings immutable in nature?
Java strings are immutable for a few reasons:
- Security: Making strings immutable ensures that they cannot be changed by another part of the code, which can help prevent security vulnerabilities.
- Concurrency: Strings are often used in multi-threaded environments, where multiple threads are running at the same time. Immutable strings can be safely shared between threads without the need for additional synchronization.
- Performance: Strings are used frequently in Java programs, and making them immutable can lead to better performance. When a string is concatenated, for example, a new string object is created, and the characters from the original string are copied into it. If strings were mutable, each concatenation would require that the original string be modified in place, which would be less efficient.
- The simplicity of design: When strings are immutable, their behaviour is predictable and easier to reason about. This can make it simpler to design and maintain the program.
Overall it is a trade-off of performance and simplicity. String Builder and String Buffer can be used to mutate strings.
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3. Why is Java platform independent and the JVM platform dependent?
Java is designed to be platform-independent, which means that Java code can run on any platform (such as Windows, Linux, or MacOS) that has a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) installed.
The Java source code is written in a high-level language that is easy for humans to read and understand. When the code is compiled, it is translated into an intermediate form called bytecode. This bytecode is a set of instructions that can be run on any platform that has a JVM.
The JVM is a software layer that sits between the Java code and the underlying platform. When the Java code is run, the JVM interprets the bytecode and converts it into machine code that the platform can execute. The JVM is also responsible for managing the memory and resources used by the Java code.
Because the JVM is written specifically for a particular platform, it can take advantage of the platform's features and optimizations. This allows the Java code to run efficiently on a wide variety of platforms.
The JVM is platform dependent but it does not mean Java is not platform-independent. The Java language and the bytecode specification are platform-independent, which means it can run on any platform that has a JVM. However, the JVM itself is platform-specific, which means it needs to be implemented separately for each platform. It is similar to how a Python interpreter can run on multiple platforms as it is platform-independent but the Python interpreter for different platforms will be different.
Consider the below image -

In the above image, you can see that the Java program compiled and converted into (.class file). Now this (.class file) can be executed on any platform (like Windows, Unix, or Mac) in which JVM is installed. This is how Java achieves platform independence.
4. How would you differentiate between a String, StringBuffer, and a StringBuilder?
In Java, String, StringBuffer, and StringBuilder are all classes used to represent strings, but they have some key differences:
Feature | String | StringBuffer | StringBuilder |
---|---|---|---|
Immutable & Methods | Yes. Immutable methods are provided. | No. Mutable methods are provided. | No. Mutable methods are provided. |
Thread-safe |
Yes. (Their values cannot be changed once they are created, making them inherently thread-safe.) |
Yes. (It provides synchronized methods to ensure that only one thread can access and modify the instance at a time. This makes it a safer choice for use in a concurrent environment.) |
No. (If multiple threads modify a StringBuilder object concurrently, it can result in data inconsistencies and race conditions.) |
Performance |
Slow. (Strings are immutable objects. This means that whenever a modification is made to a String, a new String object is created, which can lead to memory allocation and garbage collection overheads.) |
Moderate. (It provides thread-safe operations through synchronized methods, which can impact performance.) |
Fast. (It provides a mutable sequence of characters that can be modified in place without creating new objects.) |
Synchronization | Every method is synchronized. | Every method is synchronized. | None of the methods are synchronized. |
Capacity (Length of the string) |
Capacity can't be increased. | Capacity can be increased | Capacity can be increased |
Best Use | When the string is not going to change. | When string needs to be changed and thread safety is important. | When string needs to be changed and thread safety is not important. |
Examples for Definition |
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5. What do you know about the JIT Compiler?
JIT (Just-In-Time) compiler is a feature of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) that can improve the performance of Java applications. The JIT compiler dynamically translates the bytecode of a Java method into native machine code at runtime, rather than at compile time. This allows the JVM to take advantage of the underlying hardware and optimize the performance of the Java application.
The JIT compiler works by monitoring the execution of the Java application and identifying the frequently executed methods (also called "hot spots"). These hot spots are then compiled into native machine code, which can be executed much faster than the original bytecode. The JIT compiler can also perform various optimizations such as in-lining methods, eliminating dead code, and reordering instructions to improve performance.
The JIT compilation process occurs at runtime, so it can take advantage of dynamic information about the application and the system it is running on. This allows the JIT compiler to make more informed decisions about how to optimize the code for a particular environment, which can lead to better performance than a static compilation.
JIT compilation can also help to improve the start-up time of an application because the frequently used method will be compiled and ready to be executed.
It's worth noting that JIT compilation can also introduce some overhead and complexity, as the JIT compiler needs to monitor the execution of the application and make decisions about what to optimize. In some cases, the JIT compiler may not be able to optimize the code as much as desired, or it may introduce additional overhead. But overall, JIT compilation is an important feature of the JVM that can significantly improve the performance of Java applications.
For Example - Consider the below code-
class InterviewBit {
public static void add(int a, int b) {
return a+b;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int res = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
res += add(i, i*10);
}
System.out.println(res);
}
}
In the above code, we can see that the add method is executed in a loop. So JVM will understand this and frame an executable by JIT Compiler for the “add” method. And this can be used for a future call. This saves execution time.
The below image explains the same -

6. How do you differentiate between ArrayList and Vector in Java?
In Java, ArrayList and Vector are both classes used to represent a collection of objects (or "elements"), but they have some key differences:
Feature | ArrayList | Vector |
---|---|---|
Synchronization & Methods | Not Synchronized methods are provided | Synchronized methods are provided |
Thread-safety | Not Thread-safe | Thread-safe |
Performance |
Faster (the lack of synchronization and more efficient resizing strategy make the ArrayList class faster.) |
Slow (Vector is a legacy class and it is synchronized, also the residing factor is slow compared to ArrayList) |
Resizing & Increment | Automatically resizes & increases by 50% | Automatically resizes & increases by 100% |
Initial capacity | 10 | 10 |
Best use | When thread safety is not important | When thread safety is important |
Examples | ArrayList<Integer> al = new ArrayList<Integer>(); | Vector<Integer> v = new Vector<Integer>(); |
Overall, the choice between ArrayList and Vector depends on the specific requirements of your application. If your application is single-threaded and performance is a concern, you should use ArrayList. But if your application is multi-threaded, you should use Vector for safety.
7. What is a Garbage collector in JAVA?
In Java, the garbage collector (GC) is a component of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) that is responsible for managing the memory used by the program. The GC automatically identifies and frees up memory that is no longer needed by the program, known as garbage. This process is called garbage collection.
Java8, for instance, uses a form of garbage collection called "mark-and-sweep" that periodically scans the memory used by the program, identifies which objects are still in use, and frees up the memory used by the objects that are no longer needed. The objects that are still in use are called "live" objects, while the objects that are no longer needed are called "dead" objects.
The GC uses a technique called "reachability analysis" to determine which objects are live and which are dead. An object is considered reachable if there is a path of references from a "root" object (such as a static variable or an object on the call stack) to the object in question. Objects that are not reachable are considered dead and are eligible for garbage collection.
One of the main advantages of using a GC is that it can automatically manage the memory used by the program, which can help to prevent memory leaks and other issues that can occur when manual memory management is used. The GC also makes it easier to write correct and reliable code, as developers don't have to worry about manually allocating and freeing memory.
It's important to note that although Garbage collection frees up memory automatically, it can introduce some performance overhead as well. Additionally, the JVM has multiple garbage collectors you can use, and each has its own set of benefits and trade-offs. So, depending on the use case and system configuration, the developer can choose the appropriate garbage collector.
8. Differentiate between HashSet and TreeSet. When would you prefer TreeSet to HashSet?
In Java, HashSet and TreeSet are both classes that implement the Set interface and are used to represent a collection of unique elements, but they have some key differences:
Feature | HashSet | TreeSet |
---|---|---|
Underlying Data Structure | HashTable. | Height Balanced Tree. |
Ordering |
Unordered. (It doesn't follow any sequence, like ascending order) |
Ordered. (It follows the sequence, i.e, sorting) |
Time Complexity | O(1) for add, remove, and contains operations. | O(log n) for add, remove, and contains operations. |
Null elements | Allows one null element. | Not allowed. |
Sorted |
Not Sorted. (If we print the value, the output is not printed in sorted order) |
Sorted. (Inserted value follows a sorting, Natural or customized) |
Performance |
Faster for most operations. (It is faster because of the Hash Function.) |
Slower for most operations. (It is a little bit slower because of balancing the nodes while inserting value.) |
Best use | When the order of elements is not important, and faster performance is needed. | When the order of elements is important, and the elements need to be in a specific order. |
Overall, the choice between HashSet and TreeSet depends on the specific requirements of your application. If your application needs to store a large number of unsorted elements and performance is a concern, you should use HashSet. But if your application needs a sorted set and the required specific ordering, TreeSet would be a better choice.
9. What are the differences between static and dynamic linking?
In computer programming, the terms "static linking" and "dynamic linking" refer to the process of linking together the code of a program with the code of a library.
Feature | Static Linking | Dynamic Linking |
---|---|---|
Definition | Linking the object files of a program at compile-time. | Linking the object files of a program at run-time. |
Execution time | Linking occurs at the time of compilation. | Linking occurs at the time of execution. |
Size of an executable file |
The size of the executable file is larger. (It is larger because Linking combines multiple object files into a single executable file by resolving external references, increasing the size of the final executable file.) |
The size of the executable file is smaller. (Dynamic linking occurs at runtime by sharing common libraries among multiple executables, resulting in a smaller executable file size.) |
Libraries | Libraries are included in the executable file. | Libraries are linked at runtime and are separate from the executable file. |
Updating | Updating the libraries requires the program to be recompiled. | Updating the libraries does not require the program to be recompiled. |
Memory | More memory is required at runtime. | Less memory is required at runtime. |
Portability | Not portable between different operating systems. Static linking binds libraries to the executable file, resulting in platform-specific dependencies that may not be compatible with different operating systems. |
Portable between different operating systems. Dynamic linking allows multiple executables to share a common library at runtime, making it more portable between different operating systems. |
Best use | When the program is going to be used on a single system. | When the program needs to be portable and the libraries are updated frequently. |
The choice between static and dynamic linking will depend on the specific requirements of the project and the environment in which the program will be run.
10. How do you run your script without configuring it in Jenkins?
Jenkins is a popular open-source automation server that can be used to automate the building, testing, and deployment of software. But if you want to run your script without configuring it in Jenkins, there are several ways to do that:
Run the script directly from the command line: You can simply navigate to the location of the script on your system and execute it using the command line. Depending on the script, you may need to specify certain command-line arguments or environment variables to run it correctly.
Let's say you have a Python script named myscript.py that takes a command-line argument. Here's an example code:
# File: myscript.py
import sys
if len(sys.argv) > 1:
print("Hello, " + sys.argv[1] + "!")
else:
print("Hello, world!")
This script checks if there is a command-line argument provided and prints a greeting message accordingly. If there is no command-line argument, it defaults to printing "Hello, world!".
To run this script from the command line, you can follow these steps:
- Open a terminal or command prompt.
- Navigate to the directory where your myscript.py file is located.
- Run the command python myscript.py to execute the script.
If you want to provide a command-line argument to the script, you can pass it after the script name, like this
python myscript.py Alice
This will print "Hello, Alice!" to the console. You can replace "Alice" with any other name to customize the greeting message.
Create a batch file: If you frequently need to run the script, you can create a batch file that automates the process of running the script from the command line. The batch file can include any command-line arguments or environment variables that are required to run the script.
Let's say you have a Python script named myscript.py that you want to run frequently. Here's an example batch file that automates the process of running the script:
@echo off
python "C:\path\to\myscript.py" Alice
pause
This batch file uses the @echo off command to prevent the command prompt from displaying the commands it executes. It then runs the python command to execute the myscript.py script, passing the argument "Alice" to customize the greeting message.
To create this batch file, you can follow these steps:
- Open a text editor, such as Notepad or Sublime Text.
- Copy and paste the example batch file code above into the text editor.
- Replace the file path "C:\path\to\myscript.py" with the actual file path to your myscript.py file.
- Save the file with a .bat extension, such as run_script.bat.
To run the batch file, simply double-click on it in Windows Explorer or from the command line. This will execute the commands in the batch file and run your script with the specified command-line arguments.
- Create a Shell script: If you are on Linux, you can create a Shell script that automates the process of running the script. Like in batch files, you can include any command-line arguments or environment variables that are required to run the script.
- Schedule it to run with the built-in scheduler: Depending on your operating system, you can use the built-in scheduler to schedule your script to run at specific times. For example, on Windows, you can use the Task Scheduler, and on Linux, you can use CRON jobs.
- Use an external scheduler like Windows Task Scheduler: you can use an external scheduler to run your script at a specific time or intervals.
Keep in mind that in all of the above-mentioned methods, you will need to ensure that any dependencies or environment variables that the script requires are properly configured on the system where the script is running.
These are some of the most common ways to run a script without configuring it in Jenkins. The exact steps will depend on the script and the environment in which it is being run.
11. What is the difference between smoke testing and ad-hoc testing?
Smoke testing and ad-hoc testing are both types of testing that are used to validate the functionality and stability of a software application. However, there are some key differences between the two:
Feature | Smoke Testing | Ad-hoc Testing |
---|---|---|
Definition | A minimal test to establish that the most crucial functions of the software work, but not bothering with finer details. | An informal testing method used to verify the functionality of the application. |
Time | It is done at the early stages of the development process. | It can be done at any stage of the development process. |
Purpose | To ensure that the basic functionality of the application is working. | To find defects that are missed during formal testing. |
Scope | Limited scope, testing only the most critical functionality. | Wide scope, testing any functionality that is found. |
Test cases | Pre-defined test cases. | No specific test cases, the tester can use any test method. |
Planning | It is planned and executed. | It is unplanned and executed. |
Resources | Fewer resources are required such as time, manpower, and equipment, compared to ad-hoc testing. | More resources are required such as time, manpower, and equipment, as it involves unplanned and unstructured testing activities that are often performed without any specific test plan or test script. |
Best use | When the application is at the early stages of development and the functionality is not yet well-defined. | When the application is at a later stage of development and the functionality is well-defined. |
12. Write functional test cases for -> you have three fields A, B, C, and one ok button field can take only two characters if by using the fields the triangle is formed then clicking on ok button must display a valid triangle else invalid triangle.?
Here are some functional test cases for the scenario you described:
- Verify that the A, B, and C fields only accept two characters each.
- Input: '12', '34', '56'
- Expected Output: A: '12', B: '34', C: '56'
- Input: '123', '456', '789'
- Expected Output: A: '12', B: '45', C: '78'
- Note: Depending on the requirements - the candidate has to clarify with the interviewer if the first 2 characters have to be taken or the last 2 characters or the scenario should throw an error if the length of characters is less than 2, and then they can go ahead and validate the inputs. In this example, we have assumed the case of taking the first 2 characters is valid.
- Verify that the OK button displays a 'valid triangle' when A+B > C, B+C > A, and A+C > B.
- Input: A = '4', B = '5', C = '3'
- Expected Output: OK button should display a 'valid triangle'
- Verify that the OK button displays an 'invalid triangle' when A+B <= C, B+C <= A, or A+C <= B.
- Input: A = '3', B = '3', C = '6'
- Expected Output: OK button should display an 'invalid triangle'
- Verify that the OK button displays a 'valid triangle' when A, B, and C inputs are equal
- Input: A = '5', B = '5', C = '5'
- Expected Output: OK button to display 'valid triangle'
- Verify that the OK button displays 'invalid triangle' when one of the A, B, or C inputs is not entered
- Input: A = '5', B = '', C = '5'
- Expected Output: OK button to display 'invalid triangle'
- Verify that the OK button displays 'invalid triangle' when one of the A, B, or C inputs is not a valid number
- Input: A = '5', B = 'ABC', C = '5'
- Expected Output: OK button to display 'invalid triangle'
Note that these test cases are just examples, and the exact test cases you need will depend on the specific requirements of your application. It's also important to keep in mind that this is just a subset of all the possible test cases you could run for this scenario and other test cases can be imagined and created.
13. What are the types of testing available?
Testing a web application is a multi-step process that involves several types of testing, such as functional testing, performance testing, and security testing, among others. Here are some general steps that can be used to test a web application:
- Functional testing: This type of testing is used to verify that the application functions correctly and that all its features are working as expected. Functional testing can include tasks such as testing the application's user interface, testing its data validation and error handling, and testing its integration with other systems.
- Performance testing: This type of testing is used to measure how well the application performs under various conditions, such as different levels of load or different network conditions. Performance testing can include tasks such as load testing, stress testing, and scalability testing.
- Security testing: This type of testing is used to assess the application's security posture and identify any vulnerabilities that could be exploited by attackers. Security testing can include tasks such as penetration testing, vulnerability scanning, and security compliance testing.
- Usability testing: This type of testing is used to evaluate how easy the application is to use, understand, and navigate. Usability testing can include tasks such as testing the application's user interface, testing its help and documentation, and testing its accessibility.
- Compatibility testing: This type of testing is used to evaluate how well the application works on different platforms, browsers, and devices. Compatibility testing can include tasks such as testing the application on different operating systems, testing its compatibility with different web browsers, and testing its mobile responsiveness.
- Exploratory testing: This is an informal type of testing where the tester can freely explore the application and learn more about it while testing the application. This is useful when testing new features or new applications.
- Acceptance testing: This is the final step of the testing process, usually done by the customer or the end-user of the application, to confirm that the application satisfies their requirement and is ready for deployment.
It is important to note that the steps and test cases will vary depending on the application and its purpose. To create a comprehensive test plan it's important to understand the requirements and the expected behavior of the system, as well as the context in which the application will be used.
14. If you have opened any broken web application, it has changed its layout. What type of testing will you perform to check this?
If a web application's layout is broken, it could indicate that there is an issue with the application's code or the way it is being rendered in the browser. To test this, you would perform a type of testing called layout or visual testing.
The layout or visual testing is used to check the visual appearance of an application, including its layout, images, and other visual elements. This type of testing is typically done by comparing the current appearance of the application with a reference, or "golden" version of the application. This comparison can be done manually or with the use of automated testing tools that can compare screenshots of the application with the reference version.
Here are the general steps for performing layout testing:
- Obtain a reference version of the application: This is a version of the application that has been verified to have the correct layout and visual appearance.
- Take screenshots of the application under test: These screenshots can be taken manually or using automated testing tools, such as Selenium or Appium.
- Compare the screenshots with the reference version: This can be done manually, by visually inspecting the screenshots, or by using automated comparison tools, such as visual regression testing tools.
- Identify and report any layout issues: If there are any discrepancies between the current version of the application and the reference version, they should be identified and reported.
- Test the application on multiple browsers and devices: It's important to test the web application on different browsers and devices to make sure the layout will look consistent in all of them, as different browsers have different ways of rendering the layout, like different CSS and JavaScript engines.
It's worth noting that this type of testing should be combined with other types of testing such as functional testing, to ensure that the application not only looks good but also works correctly. Additionally, this testing can be done as part of Continuous Integration (CI) to avoid regressions and to catch the issues early in the development process.
15. Explain SOLID principles in Object Oriented Design?
SOLID is an acronym for the five principles of object-oriented design, which were introduced by Robert C. Martin and popularized by the book "Agile Software Development, Principles, Patterns, and Practices". The SOLID principles are:
- Single Responsibility Principle (SRP): A class should have only one reason to change, meaning that a class should have only one responsibility. This principle promotes the separation of concerns and makes the code more maintainable and less prone to errors.
- Open-Closed Principle (OCP): A class should be open for extension but closed for modification, meaning that a class should be designed in such a way that new functionality can be added without modifying the existing code. This principle promotes code reusability and maintainability.
- Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP): A derived class should be able to replace the base class without affecting the correctness of the program. This principle ensures that subclasses can be used interchangeably with their base classes and that the class hierarchy is well-formed.
- Interface Segregation Principle (ISP): A class should not be forced to implement interfaces it does not use, meaning that a class should not have to implement methods it does not need. This principle promotes code organization and maintainability.
- Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP): High-level modules should not depend on low-level modules, but both should depend on abstractions. This principle promotes the separation of concerns and decoupling of the code, making it more flexible and maintainable.

The above image summarises what SOLID principles are. It provides a set of guidelines to write maintainable and flexible code, which leads to a better design, and easy to change and scale the codebase. Adhering to SOLID principles will lead to fewer bugs, easier-to-understand, and more maintainable code.
16. What is an interface in C++?
In C++, an interface defines a set of member functions that a class can implement but does not provide any implementation for those functions. An interface is defined using the "interface" keyword (or the "class" keyword with some specific syntax), and its member functions are declared but not defined.
Here is an example of an interface in C++:
class Shape {
public:
virtual double area() = 0;
virtual double perimeter() = 0;
};
We can also implement the interface using the interface keyword. Consider the below code -
interface IShape {
public:
virtual double area() = 0;
virtual double perimeter() = 0;
};
In this example, Shape is an interface that defines two member functions, area, and perimeter. The = 0 syntax in the member function declarations indicates that these functions are pure virtual functions, which means they have no implementation in the Shape class and must be overridden in any derived classes.
A class that implements an interface must define the implementation for all of the interface's member functions. Here is an example of a class that implements the Shape interface:
class Rectangle : public Shape {
double width;
double height;
public:
Rectangle(double w, double h) : width(w), height(h) {}
double area() override { return width * height; }
double perimeter() override { return 2 * (width + height); }
};
In this example, the Rectangle class is derived from the Shape interface and provides an implementation for the area and perimeter member functions. Note the override keyword on the function, it indicates the function is intended to override a virtual function from a base class.
An interface can be used to define a contract for a set of functions that a class must implement, which can be useful for creating objects that have a common set of behaviors or properties but may be implemented in different ways.
17. What is an abstract method?
An abstract class is a class that contains one or more abstract methods and can't be instantiated. It is intended to be used as a base class, and any class derived from it must provide an implementation for the abstract methods inherited.
An interface is a class that contains only abstract methods, by convention it doesn't have any data members, and can't be instantiated.
An abstract method is a placeholder for a method, and any class that implements the abstract class or interface must provide an implementation for the abstract method. This is useful for creating a common interface for a set of related classes.
When an object of a derived class is instantiated, the derived class's implementation of the abstract method is called, allowing for polymorphism and code reuse.
In C++, an abstract method is a member function of an abstract class or an interface that has no implementation. The = 0 syntax is used to indicate that a method is abstract, as in this example:
class Shape {
public:
virtual double area() = 0;
virtual double perimeter() = 0;
};
Here, area and perimeter are abstract methods of the Shape class because they have no implementation and are marked as pure virtual functions by the = 0 syntax.
18. What are Polymorphism, Inheritance, and Dynamic Programming?
"Polymorphism", "Inheritance" and "Dynamic Programming" are all important concepts in computer science and object-oriented programming.
1. Polymorphism: Polymorphism refers to the ability of an object to take on many forms. In object-oriented programming, polymorphism allows objects of different types to be treated as objects of a common base type. Polymorphism can be implemented through the use of virtual functions or interfaces, allowing a single function or method call to be directed to different implementations depending on the type of object being called.

Consider the above image, We have a circle, square, and rectangle. So we can also call the circle a “Shape”. Similarly, the square is also a “shape”. Same for rectangles. It is an example of polymorphism (One name in many forms).
2. Inheritance: Inheritance is a mechanism by which one class can inherit the properties and methods of another class. This allows for the creation of a class hierarchy in which a derived class inherits the properties and methods of a base class and can add new properties and methods of its own. It also allows for code reuse, as the derived class can inherit the implementation of the base class and override it if necessary.

Consider the above image, there is a “Vehicle” that we can drive. Now, suppose there is a truck that is also a vehicle and has an additional feature that we can carry the load in it. Same with “Car” and “Bike”, which have the feature for driving. Also, it has a seating capacity. So we can say that Trucks, Cars, and Bikes are inheriting features of Driving from the parent class “Vehicle” and have their feature of Seating Capacity and Carry Load. It is an example of Inheritance.
3. Dynamic Programming: Dynamic Programming is a method of solving complex problems by breaking them down into simpler subproblems and reusing solutions to these subproblems. The idea is to break down the problem into smaller and overlapping subproblems and store the solution of these subproblems to avoid redundant computation. This technique can be used to solve optimization and search problems, like the shortest path problem, knapsack problem, etc. It's worth noting that these concepts, while separate, are often used together in object-oriented programming. The inheritance mechanism often provides the mechanism for polymorphism, since a derived class can override the implementation of a base class's virtual function.
19. Are you familiar with ISO?
Yes, I am familiar with ISO (International Organization for Standardization). It's an international standard-setting body composed of representatives from various national standards organizations. The organization develops and publishes international standards for a wide range of products, services, and systems, including but not limited to technology and mechanical engineering, food safety, agriculture, and healthcare.
ISO standards provide a common framework for companies and organizations worldwide to ensure that products, services, and systems are safe, reliable, and of good quality. Compliance with ISO standards can also help companies and organizations access new markets and improve their competitiveness.
ISO's standards are voluntary and not legally binding, but they are widely adopted and respected around the world. Many countries have their own national standards organizations that are affiliated with ISO and that work to adopt and implement ISO standards in their own countries.
20. What is troubleshooting?
Troubleshooting is the process of identifying and resolving problems or issues with a system, device, or component. It involves a systematic approach to finding the cause of a problem and then implementing a solution to fix it. The goal of troubleshooting is to quickly and efficiently identify and correct problems to minimize downtime or disruption to normal operations.
The troubleshooting process typically involves the following steps:

- Identify the problem: The first step in troubleshooting is to identify the problem or symptom. This may involve gathering information from users, reviewing error logs, or performing diagnostic tests.
- Gather information: After the problem has been identified, gather as much information as possible about the system, device, or component that is experiencing the problem. This may include details about the configuration, the operating environment, and any recent changes or updates that have been made.
- Isolate the problem: Once enough information has been gathered, use that information to isolate the problem to a specific component or system. Eliminating possibilities to find the root cause.
- Test possible solutions: With the problem isolated, test possible solutions to see which one resolves the issue.
- Implement the solution: Once a solution has been identified and tested, implement it to resolve the problem. This may involve updating software, replacing hardware, or making configuration changes.
- Verify and validate: After the solution has been implemented, verify that the problem has been resolved and that the system, device, or component is operating correctly.
-
Document the process and the solution: Keeping detailed documentation of the troubleshooting process can help identify patterns or common issues and prevent them in the future. It also helps other troubleshooters to understand how the problem was solved and how to prevent it.
Troubleshooting can be complex and time-consuming, but by following a systematic approach, it is possible to quickly identify and resolve problems with a system, device, or component.
21. What does the @SpringBootApplication annotation do internally?
@SpringBootApplication is a convenient annotation provided by Spring Boot that is used to enable several features in a Spring application.
Internally, it is a combination of three other annotations:
- @SpringBootConfiguration: This annotation is used to indicate that a class is a configuration class for a Spring Boot application. It is equivalent to the @Configuration annotation from Spring Framework. It tells the Spring framework that this class contains beans that need to be managed by the Spring container.
- @EnableAutoConfiguration: This annotation is used to enable auto-configuration for a Spring Boot application. Auto-configuration is a feature of Spring Boot that automatically configures certain beans based on the dependencies that are present in the classpath. For example, if Spring Data JPA is on the classpath, @EnableAutoConfiguration will automatically configure a DataSource and EntityManagerFactory.
- @ComponentScan: This annotation is used to enable component scanning in a Spring Boot application. Component scanning is a feature of Spring that automatically detects and registers beans that are annotated with @Component, @Service, @Repository, and other related annotations. It tells the Spring framework to search for other components, configurations, and services in the package, allowing it to automatically discover beans and register them.
In summary, @SpringBootApplication is a convenient annotation that enables several features of Spring Boot, like auto-configuration, component scanning, and making the class a configuration class for Spring Boot as shown in the image below:

22. What is Dependency Injection?
Dependency injection (DI) is a design pattern and software development technique in which a component (or "client") is given its dependencies, rather than creating them itself. The goal of dependency injection is to decouple the client from the implementation of its dependencies, making the client code more flexible and easier to test, understand, and maintain.
There are several ways to perform dependency injection in Java, including:
- Constructor injection: Dependencies are passed to the client as arguments to the constructor. This is considered the preferred method of performing dependency injection in Java, as it ensures that the client is in a valid state immediately after construction.
- Setter injection: Dependencies are passed to the client through setter methods. This method can be used when the client has optional dependencies or when the client's state needs to be changed after it has been constructed.
- Interface injection: Dependencies are passed to the client through an interface. This method is less common but can be useful when the client needs to be configurable in a more general way.
- Field injection: Dependencies are assigned to the client's fields directly. This is considered the least preferred method of performing dependency injection, as it can make it harder to understand and maintain the client's state.
Dependency injection frameworks such as Spring or Google Guice can be used to automate the process of injecting dependencies, which can help to make the code more maintainable, testable, and readable. They also provide a way to configure the dependencies centrally and easily.
By using dependency injection, classes can be designed with single responsibilities, making the code more testable and maintainable, and also increasing code reusability. Dependency injection also can be used to reduce tightly coupled classes, making the
23. What are the various annotations that Spring Boot Offers?
Spring Boot offers several annotations that can be used to quickly set up and configure a Spring application. Some of the most commonly used annotations include:
- @SpringBootApplication: This annotation is a convenience annotation that is used to enable several features in a Spring Boot application, including auto-configuration, component scanning, and making the class a configuration class for Spring Boot.
- @Configuration: This annotation is used to indicate that a class is a configuration class for a Spring application. It tells the Spring framework that this class contains beans that need to be managed by the Spring container.
- @Bean: This annotation is used to indicate that a method will return a bean that should be managed by the Spring container. It can be used in conjunction with @Configuration to create and configure beans for the application.
- @Component: This annotation is used to indicate that a class is a component that should be managed by the Spring container. It can be used on any class, including @Configuration classes.
- @Autowired: This annotation is used to indicate that a constructor, field, or setter method should be autowired with a matching bean in the Spring container.
- @Value: This annotation is used to assign a value from application.properties or other property sources to a field, constructor, or setter method.
- @Service: This annotation is a specialization of @Component and is used to indicate that a class is a service component, and it should be managed by the Spring container.
- @Repository: This annotation is a specialization of @Component and is used to indicate that a class is a repository component, and it should be managed by the Spring container.
- @Controller: This annotation is a specialization of @Component and is used to indicate that a class is a controller component, and it should be managed by the Spring container.
- @RequestParam: This annotation is used to bind a request parameter to a method parameter in a Spring application. This annotation can be used to define the required parameter, default value, and whether the parameter is mandatory or not.
- @PathParam: This annotation is used to bind a URL path parameter to a method parameter in a Spring application. This annotation can be used to define the required parameter and whether it is mandatory or not.
- @SpringBootTest: This annotation is used to perform integration tests on a Spring Boot application. This annotation can be used to test the entire application context, including the controllers, services, and repositories. It can be used to verify the behavior of the application as a whole and to ensure that all components are functioning correctly.
These are just a few examples of the annotations that Spring Boot offers, and it provides many more which can be used for different purposes, like security, transactions, and so on. Using these annotations makes it easier to configure a Spring application, and Spring Boot also provides several sensible defaults that allow you to get started quickly without having to configure everything manually.
24. List the most commonly used instructions in Dockerfile?
A Dockerfile is a script that contains a set of instructions for building a Docker image. The most commonly used instructions in a Dockerfile include:
- FROM: This instruction sets the base image for the image being built. It is the first instruction that must appear in a Dockerfile. For example,
FROM alpine
# Or
FROM python:3.8-alpine
The "FROM alpine" Docker command pulls the latest version of the Alpine Linux operating system image from Docker Hub and sets it as the base image for the Dockerfile, while the "FROM python:3.8-alpine" command pulls the latest version of the Python 3.8 image based on Alpine Linux and sets it as the base image for the Dockerfile.
- RUN: This instruction is used to execute commands during the build process. It creates a new layer in the image and commits the result. For example,
RUN apk add --no-cache curl
This command installs the curl package in the Docker container, which allows the container to make HTTP requests to other servers or APIs. The "--no-cache" option ensures that no cache is stored in the container after the package installation, reducing the size of the container.
- COPY: This instruction is used to copy files from the host system to the container's filesystem. For example,
COPY ./app
The command copies the "app" directory from the host machine to the Docker container, allowing the containerized application to access the application code or configuration files.
- ENV: This instruction sets environment variables in the image. For example,
ENV PORT 8080
The "ENV PORT 8080" command sets an environment variable named "PORT" with a value of 8080 in a Docker container.
- EXPOSE: This instruction tells Docker which ports should be exposed by the container. For example,
EXPOSE 8080
The "EXPOSE 8080" command exposes the container's network port 8080 to allow external access to the application running inside the container.
- CMD: This instruction sets the command that will be executed when a container is run from the image. For example,
CMD ["python", "app.py"]
This command specifies the default command to be executed when a container starts running, which is to run the "app.py" script using the Python interpreter inside the container.
- ENTRYPOINT: This instruction sets the command that will be executed when a container is run from the image, but unlike CMD it can't be overridden. It is often used to set a default command and parameters for an image.
- LABEL: This instruction allows you to add key-value pairs to an image, it can be useful for providing information about the image, the maintainer, and other useful metadata.
- USER: This instruction sets the UID (user ID) or username that will run the container.
- WORKDIR: This instruction sets the working directory for any RUN, CMD, ENTRYPOINT, COPY and ADD instructions that follow it in the Dockerfile. For example, WORKDIR /app.
- ADD: This instruction allows you to add files or directories from the host machine to the container. It also supports URLs and remote file systems.
- VOLUME: This instruction creates a mount point with the specified name and marks it as holding externally mounted volumes from the native host or other containers. For example, VOLUME /data
- ARG: This instruction allows you to pass variables to the Dockerfile during build time. You can use ARG to define environment-specific variables, such as a version number or a file path.
- STOP SIGNAL: This instruction allows you to configure the system call signal that will be sent to the container to exit.
- ONBUILD: This instruction adds a trigger instruction when the image is used as the base for another build.
Consider the below example summary for all the commands listed above:
# This Dockerfile instruction sets the base image to Alpine Linux version 3.15 for building a containerized application.
FROM alpine:3.15
# This line sets the environment variable "APP_HOME" to the directory "/usr/src/app".
ENV APP_HOME /usr/src/app
# This command sets the working directory for subsequent commands in a Dockerfile to $APP_HOME.
WORKDIR $APP_HOME
# These two lines copy the "requirements.txt" file and the "app.py" file from the current directory to the specified directory, which is represented by the variable $APP_HOME.
COPY requirements.txt $APP_HOME
COPY app.py $APP_HOME
# This command installs Python 3 and upgrades pip, then uses pip to install the packages listed in the requirements.txt file, all while using the --no-cache option to prevent caching of the packages.
RUN apk add --no-cache python3 && \
pip3 install --upgrade pip && \
pip3 install -r requirements.txt
# Exposing port 8080 allows network traffic to be directed to the service/application listening on that port.
EXPOSE 8080
# Set the user
USER nobody
# This Docker command creates a mount point for the "/data" directory inside the container.
VOLUME /data
# This Docker command sets a build version for an image and adds a label with the same build version to the image.
ARG build_version=1.0
LABEL build_version=$build_version
# This Docker command sets the entrypoint of the Docker container to run the Python script "app.py" when the container is started.
ENTRYPOINT ["python3", "app.py"]
# This Docker command sets the default command to run the container with the argument "--config" and the value "config.yaml".
CMD ["--config", "config.yaml"]
# The "STOPSIGNAL SIGTERM" command in Dockerfile sets the signal that will be sent to the container to stop running when Docker needs to shut it down.
STOPSIGNAL SIGTERM
# This Docker command sets a trigger instruction that will copy the contents of the "$APP_HOME" directory into the image being built when another image is built from it as a base image.
ONBUILD COPY. $APP_HOME
# This Docker command adds the file "file.tar.gz" from "https://example.com" to the "/tmp" directory inside the Docker container.
ADD https://example.com/file.tar.gz /tmp/file.tar.gz
# This Docker command sets the email address of the image maintainer to "myemail@example.com".
LABEL maintainer="myemail@example.com"
These are the most commonly used instructions in a Dockerfile, but the list is not exhaustive, and you can find more instructions and uses depending on your use case. Using a combination of these instructions, you can create a comprehensive Dockerfile that fully describes an image and its dependencies.
25. What command can be run to import a pre-exported Docker image into another Docker host?
To import a pre-exported Docker image into another Docker host, you can use the docker load command. The docker load command reads an image from a tar archive file, and it works with images that have been exported using the docker save command.
The basic syntax of the command is:
docker load --input /path/to/image.tar
Where /path/to/image.tar is the path to the tar archive file containing the exported image.
You can also use the docker import command, which is similar to docker load and it also imports the image from a tar file. The basic syntax is:
docker import /path/to/image.tar [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
The REPOSITORY[:TAG] is the optional repository name and tag name for the image.
After the image is loaded, you can use the docker images command to verify that the image has been imported, and you can also use the docker run command to start a container from the imported image.
It's worth mentioning that the docker import and docker load commands are both low-level commands, and in practice, the most common approach to move images from one host to another is using the docker push and docker pull commands which interact with a registry.
26. Describe the lifecycle of a Docker Container.
The lifecycle of a Docker container includes several stages, from the creation of the container to its removal as shown in the image below:

Let's see what these stages are:
- Create: The container is created from an image using the docker run command. A container is a running instance of an image.
- Start: The container is started, and its process is executed. This can be done using the docker start command.
Syntax:
docker start <container_id>
Pause: The container can be paused using the docker pause command. This will pause all processes running inside the container, but the container will still be running and will not consume any resources.
Syntax:
docker pause [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Unpause: The container can be unpaused using the docker unpause command, after being paused, all processes inside the container will continue running where they left off.
Syntax:
docker unpause [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Stop: The container can be stopped using the docker stop command. This will stop all processes running inside the container, but the container will still be present on the host, and its configuration and data will be retained.
Syntax:
docker stop [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Restart: The container can be restarted using the docker restart command. This will stop and start the container, which can be useful if the container or its application requires a restart.
Syntax:
docker restart [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Kill: The container can be killed using the docker kill command. This will stop the container immediately and forcefully, it's useful if the container process becomes unresponsive.
Syntax:
docker kill [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Remove: The container can be removed using the docker rm command. This will remove the container and its data, including its configuration and all files. Once a container is removed, all its data will be lost.
Syntax:
docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
On every command syntax [OPTIONS] can include:
- -s or --signal: Specify the signal to send to the container. The default signal is SIGKILL.
- -f or --force: Force the container to stop by sending a SIGKILL signal after a grace period.
And [CONTAINER…] is the name or ID of one or more.
It's worth noting that a container can also be excited, this happens when the main process inside the container exits. The state can be seen using the docker ps -a command. An exited container can be removed or restarted depending on the desired outcome.
27. What is a mesh? How can you analyze it?
A mesh is a collection of vertices, edges, and faces that define the shape of an object in 3D computer graphics. It is a fundamental concept in Computer-Aided Design (CAD), Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM), and computer graphics.
A mesh is typically represented as a collection of interconnected triangles. Each vertex of the mesh is defined by a set of 3D coordinates, and each edge is defined by the two vertices that it connects. The faces of the mesh are defined by the set of edges that bound them.
The below image shows what are the vertices, edges, faces, polygons, and surfaces-
There are different ways to analyze a mesh depending on the application or what you are trying to achieve with it. Some examples include:

Image References: Wikipedia
- Measuring the surface area and volume of the mesh.
- Identifying and removing any non-manifold edges or faces (i.e. edges or faces that are not part of a single, closed surface).
- Identifying and removing any self-intersecting faces.
- Identifying and removing any duplicate vertices.
- Identifying and removing any "degenerate" triangles (i.e. triangles with a very small area or with three collinear vertices).
- Measuring the curvature, smoothness, and other geometrical parameters of the mesh.
- Analyzing the topology of the mesh, such as identifying the number of connected components, holes, or handles.
- Simplifying the mesh by reducing the number of vertices and faces while preserving the overall shape of the object.
- Subdividing the mesh to increase the resolution or to add more details to the object.
These are just a few examples of the many ways that a mesh can be analyzed. The specific steps and techniques used will depend on the application and the goals of the analysis.
28. Tell me something about Autodesk 3ds Max.
- What is Autodesk 3ds, Max?
- Autodesk 3ds Max is a professional 3D modeling, animation, and rendering software used in industries such as architecture, interior design, gaming, and film.
- What types of files can be imported into 3ds Max?
- 3ds Max supports a variety of file formats, including .fbx, .obj, .3ds, .dae, .dwg, and .stp.
- What rendering options does 3ds Max offer?
- 3ds Max offers several rendering options, including Mental Ray, Arnold, and V-Ray.
29. What is Blender? What types of modeling does Blender support? Can Blender be used for game development?
- Blender is a free and open-source 3D creation software used for modeling, animation, simulation, and rendering.
- Blender supports a variety of modeling techniques, including polygon modeling, sculpting, and curve modeling.
- Yes, Blender can be used for game development, with features such as the Blender Game Engine and support for exporting to popular game engines like Unity and Unreal.
30. What is ANSYS? What types of simulations can ANSYS perform? What industries commonly use ANSYS?
- ANSYS is a suite of engineering simulation software used for designing and testing products in industries such as aerospace, automotive, and electronics.
- ANSYS can perform a wide range of simulations, including structural analysis, fluid dynamics, and electromagnetic simulations.
- ANSYS is commonly used in industries that require advanced simulation capabilities, such as aerospace, automotive, and medical devices.
31. Have you heard of SolidWorks? What types of design tools does SolidWorks offer? Can SolidWorks be used for simulation?
- SolidWorks is a 3D CAD software used for designing products in industries such as manufacturing, engineering, and architecture.
- SolidWorks offers a variety of design tools, including sketching, parametric modeling, and assembly design.
- Yes, SolidWorks offers simulation tools for structural analysis, thermal analysis, and fluid flow analysis.
32. What difficulties do you encounter when building a 3D model?
Creating 3D models can be a challenging process, but it is also incredibly rewarding. One of the biggest challenges I face when creating a 3D model is ensuring that all the details are accurate and realistic. This includes making sure that textures, lighting, and shadows are properly applied to create an image that looks as close to real life as possible. Another challenge I often encounter is finding ways to optimize my models for different platforms or applications.
For example, if I am creating a game asset, I need to make sure that the model is optimized for the engine so that it runs smoothly and efficiently. Finally, another challenge I frequently face is staying up-to-date with the latest industry trends and technologies. With new software and tools being released every day, it’s important to stay informed in order to remain competitive in the field.
33. What is the difference between HTTP and HTTPS?
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and HTTPS (HTTP Secure) are both communication protocols used to transfer data over the internet. However, there is a key difference between the two:
Feature | HTTP | HTTPS |
---|---|---|
Definition | Hypertext Transfer Protocol is the standard for communication between web browsers and servers. | HTTPS is a secure version of HTTP that encrypts data transferred between web browsers and servers. |
Security | Not secure, data transmitted is in plain text. | Secure, data transmitted is encrypted. |
Certificate | Does not require a certificate. | Requires a certificate from a trusted certificate authority. |
Port | Uses port 80. | Uses port 443. |
URL | Begins with "http://" | Begins with "https://" |
Authentication | Does not provide any authentication. | Provides authentication to ensure that the user is communicating with the correct website. |
Data protection | Data transferred over HTTP can be intercepted and read by unauthorized parties. | Data transferred over HTTPS is encrypted and cannot be intercepted or read by unauthorized parties. |
Best use | When security is not a concern or the website contains only static content. | When security is a concern or the website contains sensitive information such as personal or financial data. |

In the above image, we can see that HTTP uses no encryption which makes data insecure. There is no data protection, so the HTTP Packets can be seen by any anonymous person on the the way from server to the client/web browser.
On the other side, we have HPPS, which is secured because it uses SSL (Secured Socket Layer) that encrypts the data and provides security to it. This protects the data transfer between Serber and the client.
34. What is the use of cookies and cache?
Cookies and cache are both technologies that are used to improve the performance and functionality of websites.
1. Cookies: Cookies are small text files that are stored on a user's computer by a website. They are used to remember information about the user, such as their preferences and browsing history. This information can be used to personalize the user's experience on the website, such as by remembering their login information or their preferred language. Cookies can also be used for tracking and analytics purposes, such as to understand how users navigate through a website or to deliver targeted advertising.

In the above image, the user/client logs in to the page and sends a request to the server. The server sends the response along with cookies that has tokenID which will be stored on the client side. This tokenID can be used for further validation of the credential.
2. Cache: Caching is a technique used to speed up the loading time of a website. When a user requests a web page, the browser stores a copy of the page in its cache, or temporary storage. The next time the user requests the same page, the browser will check the cache to see if a copy of the page is available, and if so, it will load the cached copy instead of requesting the page from the server. This reduces the amount of data that needs to be transferred over the network and can improve the performance of the website. This has been described in the image below -

In summary, Cookies are used to remember information about a user and personalize their experience on a website, while caching is used to speed up the loading time of a website by storing a copy of the page in the browser's temporary storage.
35. Can you tell me something about Autodesk Maya? What types of animations can be created with Maya? Can Maya be used for virtual reality and augmented reality?
- Autodesk Maya is a 3D animation, modeling, and rendering software used in industries such as film, gaming, and television.
- Maya offers a variety of animation tools, including keyframe animation, motion graphics, and character rigging.
- Yes, Maya can be used to create virtual reality and augmented reality experiences, with features such as the Maya Live Link plugin for real-time collaboration with game engines like Unity and Unreal.
36. What is COMSOL Multiphysics? What types of simulations can be performed with COMSOL Multiphysics?
COMSOL Multiphysics is a simulation software used for modeling and simulating physics-based systems in industries such as electrical engineering, fluid dynamics, and acoustics.
COMSOL Multiphysics offers a wide range of simulation capabilities, including structural mechanics, heat transfer, and chemical reactions.
37. What are your thoughts on VR and AR technology?
Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) technology are both rapidly advancing fields that have the potential to significantly impact a wide range of industries.
Virtual Reality (VR) is a computer-generated simulation of a three-dimensional environment that can be explored and interacted with in a seemingly real or physical way by a person using a VR headset. It allows people to experience an immersive and realistic environment as if they were physically present in it. It can be used for gaming, entertainment, education, therapy, and even in some cases for training in dangerous or remote environments.
Augmented Reality (AR) on the other hand, is a technology that overlays digital information, such as images, videos, or sounds, on the real world in real-time. It can be used in a wide range of applications, such as gaming, education, navigation, and even in industrial settings to provide workers with real-time information and guidance while they complete tasks.
Dassault Systemes Interview Preparation
1. Interview Preparation Tips
- Understand the core technologies: Dassault Systèmes is a company that specializes in developing software for various industries such as aerospace and defence, automotive, energy, and many others. It's important to be familiar with the core technologies used in these industries such as CATIA, SIMULIA, DELMIA, Solidworks, and ENOVIA to name a few.
- Know your data structures and algorithms: Dassault Systèmes places a high emphasis on coding and technical skills, so it's important to be familiar with a wide range of data structures and algorithms and to be able to implement them effectively in your code.
- Brush up your programming skills: Many of the products offered by Dassault Systèmes are developed in Java, C++, or C#, so it's important to have a strong knowledge of one or both of these programming languages.
- Be familiar with 3D modelling, simulation, and analysis: Dassault Systèmes is a company that specializes in 3D modelling and simulation, so it's important to have a good understanding of the concepts, principles, and techniques used in this field. Familiarize yourself with the software that Dassault Systèmes provides for this like CATIA and Solidworks.
- Practice coding: Dassault Systèmes is known for its focus on coding and technical skills, so practice coding and solving different types of problems to develop your problem-solving abilities, speed, and accuracy. This can be done through coding challenges, or by contributing to open-source projects related to 3D modelling and simulation.
- Mock Interview: Attending mock interviews on InterviewBit, Preplaced, Pramp, etc can be a great way to prepare for coding interviews. InterviewBit provides a platform where you can practice coding questions and get feedback from experienced interviewers. This can help you improve your coding skills, become more familiar with common interview questions, and build confidence in your ability to perform well in an interview setting. Additionally, you can also get feedback on your problem-solving and communication skills, which are also important in coding interviews.
It's worth noting that it's always good to familiarize yourself with the company's products and services, its recent projects, and any certification they offer. Also, it is important to do well in the initial screening process like online coding assessments. Remember to have a good understanding of the role you have applied for and what the company is looking for in a candidate.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Why do you want to join Dassault Systèmes?
Sample Answer: “I am extremely excited about the opportunity to join Dassault Systèmes as a software engineer. The company's reputation for innovation and excellence in the field of 3D modelling and simulation software aligns perfectly with my passion for utilizing technology to drive progress and improve the world around us. I am confident that my skills and experience in software engineering, combined with the resources and support provided by Dassault Systèmes, will enable me to make a significant impact in this role. I am also eager to continue my professional development and grow with the company.”
2. How long is the Interview Process at Dassault Systèmes?
The length of the interview process at Dassault Systèmes can vary depending on several factors such as the specific role you are applying for, the location of the office, and the number of candidates being considered.
For software engineer positions, the interview process typically includes multiple rounds, such as online assessments, phone screens, technical interviews, and on-site interviews.
Typically, the process for software engineer positions can take around 2-4 weeks, depending on the number of rounds and the availability of the candidates and interviewers.
It is also worth noting that the length of the interview process could be affected by the current state of the hiring market, the specific role you are applying for, and the demand for that role. Sometimes the process could be extended or shortened if the company needs more time to evaluate the candidates or if the position needs to be filled urgently.
3. How to get a job at Dassault Systèmes?
Securing a job at Dassault Systèmes can be a challenging process, but here are some ways to help increase your chances:
- Visit the Dassault Systèmes Career page: The first step to getting a job at Dassault Systèmes is to visit the company's career page. Here, you can find all the current job openings and apply directly to the position that interests you.
- Networking: Networking is a great way to get a job at Dassault Systèmes. Reach out to current employees or alumni of the company via LinkedIn, and ask for their advice and recommendations.
- Use LinkedIn: LinkedIn is a powerful tool for job seekers, and it's a great way to connect with recruiters and hiring managers at Dassault Systèmes. Make sure your LinkedIn profile is up-to-date and highlights your relevant skills and experience.
- Submit your resume: You can submit your resume directly to the company's recruitment team. Make sure to tailor your resume to the specific position you are applying for.
- Reference: If you know someone who works at Dassault Systèmes, ask them to refer you. This can greatly increase your chances of getting an interview.
Lastly, apply to the right job that matches your skill set and interests, and be prepared to go through the interview process with a positive attitude and a willingness to learn. Remember that the process can be competitive, but with the right skills, experience, and attitude, you can increase your chances of getting hired at Dassault Systèmes.
4. What is the salary for freshers in Dassault Systèmes?
The salary for freshers at Dassault Systèmes can vary depending on the role they are applying for.
According to Ambitionbox, Entry-level positions such as QA Engineer and Software Developer typically have a starting salary range of around 7-9 Lakhs per year. The average Dassault Systèmes Software Engineer salary in India is ₹ 10.7 Lakhs for experience between 1 year to 8 years.
However, it's worth noting that the actual salary offered can depend on factors such as specific job responsibilities, location, and the candidate's qualifications and experience. It's also subject to change over time and can be impacted by factors such as cost of living, talent competition, and the company's financial performance.
5. Is the Dassault Systèmes interview hard?
Dassault Systèmes is known to have a rigorous and challenging interview process, with a focus on coding and technical skills. The interview process may include a combination of coding challenges, technical discussions, and problem-solving exercises. Candidates should expect to be tested on their knowledge of core technologies, data structures, algorithms, and programming languages.
It's not possible to say for certain whether the interview is "hard" or "easy" as it can vary depending on the position you are applying for, your background, and your experience. However, you should be prepared to demonstrate your knowledge and skills and to be able to explain your thought process and problem-solving approach.
One thing to consider is to practice coding challenges and problem-solving exercises, to familiarize yourself with the company's products and services, and to be confident while you are in the interview.
Showing that you have done your research and have a genuine interest in the company and the role you are applying for can also make a good impression. Additionally, always be prepared to ask questions, show enthusiasm and try to explain your solution clearly.