An operating system provides a platform on which other applications programs can be installed. It also provides the environment within which programs are executed. It can be termed as a program or system software that acts as an intermediary between user and hardware.
Resource Manager/Allocator - It manages the system resources in an unbiased fashion in both hardware(mainly CPU time, memory, system buses) and software(access, authorization, semaphores) and provides the functionality to application programs.
Operating System controls and coordinates the use of resources among various application programs.
Computer Hardware - CPU, Memory units, I/O devices, system bus, registers, etc, provides the basic computing resources.
System and Application Programs - Defines the way in which these resources are used to solve the computing problems of the user.
Functions of Operating System
- Process Management
- Memory Management
- I/O device management
- File Management
- Network Management
- Security and Protection
Types of Operating Systems
Batch Operating System
- To speed up the processing job with similar types, the tasks are batched together and were run through the processor as a group batch.
- In some operating systems, grouping is done by the operator while in some systems, it is performed by the Batch Monitor resisted in the low end of the main memory.
- The jobs are bundled into batches with similar requirements.
- Then the submitted jobs were grouped as FORTRAN jobs, COBOL jobs, etc.
Multiprogramming Operating System
- A single program cannot, in general, keep either the CPU or the I/O devices busy all times. The basic idea of a multiprogramming operating system is it keeps several jobs in the main memory simultaneously.
- The OS picks and begins to execute one of the jobs in memory. Eventually, the jobs may have to wait for some task, such as an I/O operation, to complete.
Multitasking Operating System
- In the modern OS, we are able to play MP3 music, edit documents, surf the web all running at the same time.
- For multitasking to take place, firstly there should be multiprogramming i.e. presence of multiple programs for execution. And secondly the concept of time-sharing.
Real-Time Operating System
- A real-time system is a time-bound system that has well-defined fixed time constraints. Processing must be done within the defined constraints or the system will fail.
- RTOS is intended to serve real-time applications that process data as it comes in, typically without buffer delays. It is used in an environment where a large number of events must be accepted and processed in a short time.
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OS Interview Questions
Features of Operating System
Components of Operating System
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Which of the following are CPU scheduling algorithms?
Operating systems
A process which is copied from main memory to secondary memory on the basis of
requirement is known as -
FIFO scheduling is a type of:
Which of the type of OS reads and reacts in terms of actual time?
A systematic procedure for moving the CPU to new process is known as-
UNIX is written in which language?
Thread is a
OS classifies the threads as-
Among the following CPU scheduling algorithms, which of these allocated the CPU first to the process that requests the CPU first?
What are the two types of operating modes of AT?
Which of the following schedules threads?
What is meant by ready state of a process?
Among the following, which is an example of a spooled device?
Main memory of a computer system is?
For which of the following purposes in Banker’s algorithm is used?
Device driver required in?
When are the register context and stack of thread deallocated?
For which of the following is the jacketing technique used?
For which of the following is resource sharing used?
Many to One model is at an advantage in which of the following conditions?
Identify the system calls that on termination does not return control to the calling point.
Consider the following program:
main()
{
if(fork()>0)
sleep(100);
}The output of the following C program is?
int main(){
fork();
fork();
printf("code ");
}Identify the call which never returns an error?
What of the following defines Thread cancellation?
When a thread terminates some target thread immediately, it is known as?
Signals of some given type are
Which of the following commands in UNIX is used to send a signal?
The speed of writing data in magnetic tape disks is comparable to that of disk drives. State True/False
What else is a command interpreter called?
Select the correct definition of spooling.
Which of the following is the only state transition that is initiated by the user process itself?
Identify the two steps of a process execution.
Why is CPU scheduling done?
The most optimal CPU scheduling algorithm is ________
Which of the following is known as uninterruptible unit?
Semaphore is a __ and it helps to solve the problem of ___?
Which of the following are two types of atomic operations performed by semaphores?
The two types of semaphores are-
A binary semaphore has a value of
The release and request of resources are a type of which of the following?
Unsafe states are?
When can the binding of instructions and data to memory addresses be done?
Which of the following is also known as the base register?
Which of the following is not an operating system?
Which of the following is a single user operating system?
To access the services of operating system the interface is provided by the?
The size of virtual memory is based on which of the following?
Which of the following is an example of a real-time operating system?
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